The Richness of Bohemian Glass

Bohemian glass, also called Bohemian crystal, since the word is the same for both in Czech, is a type of glass made in the regions of Silesia and Bohemia. It's been made there since the thirteenth century - the oldest excavations of glass making sites in Bohemia date to about 1250. They're located in Northern Bohemia, in the Lusatian mountains.

There are a number of notable glassmaking sites, both historical and recent. Bohemia manufactured a lot of outstanding high Baroque glass in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century. Bohemia has also been the home of some glass innovations. It was Caspar Lehmann, Emperor Rudolf II's gem cutter, who invented the technique of engraving glass with bronze and copper wheels, much the same as it had been done on gems.

Abundant natural materials, used to make pristine glass, were discovered in the Renaissance in Bohemia. It's been produced since, and you'll find hand cut glassware for sale everywhere in Bohemia. However, you should be careful to check that the glass you're buying is the real thing. Even in the region where Bohemian glass is produced, imports from China and other locations are sold at inflated prices, and aren't as high quality as real Czech glass.

If you pay attention, however, you'll be able to find real, high quality Bohemian glass, from cut glass goblets and bowls to hand decorated ornaments. Most Bohemian glass is decorated intricately, and may be hand-cut and painted, decorated with rhinestones, wheel engraved or plated with gold. You may see these techniques used alone, or in combination. They're the result of a lot of study and skill, since it takes four years of training merely to become glass painter.

The reason that Bohemia is so famous for its glass is due to the natural resources found there. Early on, glassmakers in Bohemia discovered that using local potash and chalk made a completely clear, colorless product that was a great deal more stable than Italian glass of the time. That's when Bohemian glass first was noticed by the European market. Much of this Bohemian glass was lead free, and could be easily cut with a wheel.

Bohemian crystal has been famous for its amazing quality and the delicacy of its ornamentation. By the mid-19th century, Bohemia had a system of glass making training that attracted foreign glassmakers, and began exporting large quantities of colored glass across the globe.

Most of these pieces were mass produced. Commonly, pairs of vases made in one or two colors of opaque glass and decorated in enameled floral patterns were exported. Some were also decorated with lithographs. People in Europe and America mail ordered these inexpensive art pieces for their homes, adding a little touch of beauty.

Even in the Communist period, glassworking remained high quality. That's because the governments considered this art innocuous. Bohemian traditional glassmaking continues into the present day. The area has one of the most respected glassworking school systems there is, and many pieces are exported to other countries. As with most types of art glass that are still being produced, this means that collectors should pay careful attention to what they're buying.

New pieces can closely resemble old ones. While new Bohemian glass is beautiful and collectible in its own right, antique buyers should know what they're paying for. However, that's just one more reason to learn all you can about this beautiful form of glasswork.

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